Villes et marchands de la « Russie féodale », d'après quelques articles et livres russes

Alexandre D., Poliakov Léon, Braudel Fernand. Villes et marchands de la « Russie féodale », d'après quelques articles et livres russes. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 12ᵉ année, N. 1, 1957. pp. 127-131

The genome of Eucalyptus grandis

Eucalypts are the world’s most widely planted hardwood trees. Their outstanding diversity, adaptability and growth have made them a global renewable resource of fibre and energy. We sequenced and assembled >94% of the 640-megabase genome of Eucalyptus grandis. Of 36,376 predicted protein-coding genes, 34% occur in tandem duplications, the largest proportion thus far in plant genomes. Eucalyptus also shows the highest diversity of genes for specialized metabolites such as terpenes that act as chemical defence and provide unique pharmaceutical oils. Genome sequencing of the E. grandis sister species E. globulus and a set of inbred E. grandis tree genomes reveals dynamic genome evolution and hotspots of inbreeding depression. The E. grandis genome is the first reference for the eudicot order Myrtales and is placed here sister to the eurosids. This resource expands our understanding of the unique biology of large woody perennials and provides a powerful tool to accelerate comparative biology, breeding and biotechnology

SNP-Seek II: A resource for allele mining and analysis of big genomic data in Oryza sativa

The 3000 Rice Genomes Project generated a large dataset of genomic variation to the world’s most important crop, Oryza sativa L. Using the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA) and the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) variant calling on this dataset, we identified ∼40 M single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Five reference genomes of rice representing the major variety groups were used: Nipponbare (temperate japonica), IR 64 (indica), 93–11 (indica), DJ 123 (aus), and Kasalath (aus). The results are accessible through the Rice SNP-Seek Database (http://snp-seek.irri.org) and through web services of the application programming interface (API). We incorporated legacy phenotypic and passport data for the sequenced varieties originating from the International Rice Genebank Collection Information System (IRGCIS) and gene models from several rice annotation projects. The massive genotypic data in SNP-Seek are stored using hierarchical data format 5 (HDF5) files for quick retrieval. Germplasm, phenotypic, and genomic data are stored in a relational database management system (RDBMS) using the Chado schema, allowing the use of controlled vocabularies from biological ontologies as query constraints in SNP-Seek. In this paper, we discuss the datasets stored in SNP-Seek, architecture of the database and web application, interoperability methodologies in place, and discuss a few use cases demonstrating the utility of SNP-Seek for diversity analysis and molecular breeding

Rice SNP-seek database update: New SNPs, indels, and queries

We describe updates to the Rice SNP-Seek Database since its first release. We ran a new SNP-calling pipeline followed by filtering that resulted in complete, base, filtered and core SNP datasets. Besides the Nipponbare reference genome, the pipeline was run on genome assemblies of IR 64, 93-11, DJ 123 and Kasalath. New genotype query and display features are added for reference assemblies, SNP datasets and indels. JBrowse now displays BAM, VCF and other annotation tracks, the additional genome assemblies and an embedded VISTA genome comparison viewer. Middleware is redesigned for improved performance by using a hybrid of HDF5 and RDMS for genotype storage. Query modules for genotypes, varieties and genes are improved to handle various constraints. An integrated list manager allows the user to pass query parameters for further analysis. The SNP Annotator adds traits, ontology terms, effects and interactions to markers in a list. Webservice calls were implemented to access most data. These features enable seamless querying of SNPSeek across various biological entities, a step toward semi-automated gene-trait association discovery. URL: http://snp-seek.irri.org

The slow proton position-sensitive time of flight detector of the GAMS NA 12 2 experiment at CERN

A large time-of-flight detector has been built by the GAMS NA12/2 experiment at CERN. It surrounds a 60 cm long liquid hydrogen target. With a time resolution better than σ = 350 ps, pion/proton separation is achieved up to a 800 MeV/c momentum. © 1994.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe